Systematic Political Science

 
  The Abacus Tree of Theological Chess:

Systems Science Deconstruction of Religious Adherent’s Mathematics

by

Dallas F. Bell, Jr.

People may lie but an abacus can not lie.

I. Basic Theological Programing of Finite Humans1 as Chess Pieces

Truth (White Knight g):
On a hill stands a tree with fruit round as abacus beads. On one limb is an apple2 and on anther limb is another apple. One apple plus the other apple equals two apples. The reality of that sum means it is immutably true, and therefore is good, and any other sum is false, and is thusly evil.

Scientific Learning (White Knight b):
The ratio of the circumference of one apple to its diameter is 3.1416. When this measurement technique is applied to the second larger apple the same ratio results. Another truth is proven by replication of this process.

Micro Infinity (White Rook a):
One apple may be divided by half. One half of that apple may be further divided by half, which equals one quarter of the whole. The quarter apple may be divided by half equaling one eight. That process could extend forever, thereby proving infinity.

Macro Infinity (White Rook h):
Conversely, if one apple is added to the two original apples that would equal three apples. If another apple is added, then another, then another, this process could extend into infinity. Therefore, infinity preexisted the apples.

Justice (White Queen’s Pawn d):
The human intellect that counted the apples will end in death and so is finite. However, the values of the infinite numbers are eternal. The numbers produce equations with true sums which must be eternally just. It would be eternally unjust and evil to have a false sum.

Mercy/Grace and Forgiveness (White Pawn g):
Finite intellects will intentionally and unintentionally produce false sums. Their violation of eternal justice would require eternal punitive action. Punitive action must have unmerited mercy or grace for eternal forgiveness and redemption.

Love (White King’s Pawn e):
Redemption requires eternal love. The eternal attributes of justice, mercy and grace, forgiveness and redemption, and love are from intellect. That infinite eternal Intellect has volition and thus Being.

Creator (White Queen):
That Being would be infinitely and eternally complete or holy. Finite apples and humans go from a state of order to a state of disorder. Entropy indicates there was a start point of highest order. The infinite eternal Being must have preexisted all things beyond Himself.

Time and Space (White Pawn a):
Then, all things except the infinite eternal Being could only have been created by Him at a point He designated by employing His infinite eternal wisdom by applying His attributes. The succession of moments after creation would be time and the place of the creation is space.

Scriptural Revelation (White Bishop f):
The Creator’s attributes would require Him to instruct the intellects of His finite beings of His infinite and eternal purpose(s). This text would employ history, law, poetry, and be proven by fulfilled prophecies.

Hope (White Pawn f):
The Divine text would have the Creator’s immutable characteristics. A primary need of the text is to provide finite humans purpose and hope for a future. That hope would include the attributes of the Creator and emphasize the redemptive process.

Discerning Sin (White Bishop c):
The only way an infinite Creator could forgive the trespass of His holy law by a finite intellect is by the extension of His Divine holiness. That would require His coming to earth and becoming a trespass-less sacrifice.

Salvation (White King):
The theanthropos would need to have been prophesied in Divine text and fulfilled. Finite intellects would have to understand theanthropos and trust Him as part of a trinity of Being. That One whole Being would be Father, the Son Mediator between God and man, and the Spirit.

Prayer and Faith (White Pawn b):
The triune God would have eternally communed with each other by love. Finite intellects would want to pray to that just God of love seeking a relationship. That relationship would come from salvation by faith.

Discerning Spiritual Evil (White Pawn c):
Finite humans innately do not want to be lied to, stolen from, or murdered. Yet, each finite human lies to others, steals, and murders if only by hating without cause. There is a finite spiritual being that is the father of liars, thieves, and murderers.

Souls in Eternal Afterlife (White Pawn h):
Finite intellects that accept the redemptive plan in the Divine text would pass away into eternal existence with the triune Being in heaven and those that reject His plan would pass into eternal existence separated from a relationship with the triune Being.

II. Systems Science of Religious Adherents

In the communist3 lesbian4 Iris Murdoch’s 1985 novel, The Good Apprentice, one of her central characters, Stuart Cuno, is consumed by the question: what does it mean to live meaningfully, richly, fully in a world where God does not seem to exist? “He just sits wrestling with himself,” Stuart’s father laments, “wondering what the purehearted young idealist does now.” He cannot be a soldier, the father laughs; he cannot be a priest. Rather: “He wants to be like Job, always in the wrong before God, only he’s got to do it without God.” Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching (Chapter 42, p. 75)5 expresses the Taoist belief of how and what made things come into being. Each view recognizes the inevitability of innate religious beliefs that forms individual anchor bias of what is considered good and evil needed to establish rational individual goals and behavior.

The theological components in section I forms an organic whole. Its structure and functionality make it a system6 that can be studied. That scientific method of making an observation, forming a theory, and then proving or disproving it with replication is part of the system itself (Scientific Learning). Religions and their adherents can be dissected or deconstructed, as analytical philosophy, with system science for comparison. Simply put mathematically the whole = the whole and the whole – an element is < a whole. Then, systematic political science deconstructs societal institutions and their members with systems science.7

The world’s religions with the most adherents are Satanism, Hinduism, Buddhism (Japanese Shintoism shares many Chinese Buddhist and Confucian beliefs), Taoism (Confucianism shares many Taoist beliefs), Islam, Judaism, Catholicism,8 and Christianity. Many complex analyses may be made of each of those belief systems for compliance with the components in section I. Ultimately, they come down to Salvation, Prayer and Faith, and Mercy/Grace and Forgiveness. Each rejects the triune Creator’s Mediator and salvation by grace through faith alone except Christianity. Their alternative is futile finite works for self-justification with the infinite God, such as with Confucianism,9 Shintoism,10 Islam11 and Judaism12 etc.

Martin Luther famously went from little belief to Catholic belief and finally to Christian compliance with the theological programming found in Christian beliefs of grace.13 During that journey, Luther came to despise God. He wrote “I did not love…I hated the righteous God who punishes sinners…I beat importunately upon St. Paul at the place (Romans 1:17)14 most ardently desiring to know what St. Paul wanted.”15 Then He said, “Diese Kunst hat mir der Spiritus Sanctus auf diss Cloaca eigeben” (German meaning “The Holy Spirit gave me this art in the cloaca [outhouse]”). “At last, by the mercy of God, meditating day and night, I gave heed to the context of the words, namely, “In the righteousness of God is revealed,” as it is written, He who through faith is righteous shall live.” There I began to understand that the righteousness of God is that by which the righteous lives by a gift of God, namely faith. And this is the meaning: the righteousness of God is revealed by the gospel, namely, the passive righteousness with which the merciful God justifies us by faith, as it is written, “He who through faith is righteous shall live.” Here I felt that I was altogether born again and had entered paradise itself through open gates. Thus a totally other face of the entire Scripture showed itself to me…And I extolled my sweetest word with love as great as the hatred with which I had before hated the word “Righteousness of God.” Thus that place in Paul was for me truly the gate to paradise.”16 What Luther had found in the outhouse was the antithesis to the golden splendor of papal Rome. The scheisse17 was in fact golden from the infinite worth of God’s grace whereas the finite pope’s cheap grace was a satanic counterfeit containing the devil’s own worthless scheisse.18

Rejectors of the theological system also indicate other failures to conform, such as Jews murdered the Jewish Christ Jesus, Hindu’s murdered those like the Apostle Thomas,19 Catholics murdered many in the Dark Ages, and today many murders are committed every day in the name of Islam. Not loving one’s neighbor and hating20 without a cause is also murder (see the 2017 Chinese study of love and hate21 and the Buddhist lines of Lowell Lo’s, born Lo Kwok Fu in 1950, Love of a Lifetime, “In the ocean of suffering, roll waves of love and hate, In this world it’s hard to escape your fate.”22) Many just present untruths violating the Truth section etc. For example, the systems science Indian Institute of Technology of Jodhpur’s Hindu motto “You are the entire Knowledge and Science”23 has numerous scientific flaws (i.e., the axiomatic abilities of infinite God versus the abilities of finite man etc.). That fallacy is based on “the one that pervades the all” or a unity of all,24 which fails to understand the omnipresent dimensional occupation of creation by infinite God, wherein the separation allows for freewill by intellects to accept or oppose Him. That distinction between God and His creation is necessary for the reality of the allowed finite opposition to Him because a kingdom, city, or house divided by itself can not stand…25 like jumping over one’s own shadow.26 Stefan Zweig mused in The Royal Game how a prisoner that had to play himself chess in solitary confinement would be schizophrenic pretending to constantly guess the maneuvers of both White and Black and pretending to not know the previous moves—an unwinnable inner conflict.27

Double-minded thinking this and not this, especially morally, leads to observable unstable behavior.28 No one can serve two masters, either he will love the one and hate the other or he will be devoted to one and despise the other. No one can serve both Elohim and anything else, i.e. mammon.29 How long can one falter between two opinions? If the Lord be God follow Him, but if something else follow it.30 Choose this day whom you will serve.31 Because you are neither hot nor cold God will vomit you out of His mouth.32

For centuries, non-Christian religious thought in China has promoted the oxymoron that all things give birth (implying increased order) while in opposition (meaning resistant to and contrary to) to each other, and mutually support and react to each other (wan wu xiang sheng xiang ke, xiang gan xiang ying). The notion of synergism is then developed, which says that the sum of the action of discrete (separate, distinct, unrelated) agencies is greater than the action of the agencies taken independently. The concept of synergy (meaning cooperation and collaboration) comes from this absurd religious belief in the systemic oneness of the world, which is believed to parallel a law of unity of opposites proposed by Heraclitus33 and Lao Tzu. It nonsensically assumes through conflicts opposites are unified and within the unification there are still opposites.34

The value of 1 and its opposite value of -1 equals the value of 0, but the value of 1 and 1 equal the increased value of 2 as well as the value of -1 and -1 equals the increased value of -2, and so the value of 2 and the value of -2 are extended opposites that still equal the value of 0. Love and its accepted opposite of hate equal 0, but love and love equal increased joyfulness as well as hate and hate equal increased sadness, and so joyfulness and sadness are extended opposites that still equal 0. Justice and injustice equal 0, but justice and justice equal increased peace as well as injustice and injustice equal increased turmoil, and so peace and turmoil equal 0. These examples disprove a systemic oneness of the world and invalidate a law (meaning without exceptions) of the unity of opposites. This reality is demonstrated in an economic system where individuals may justly apply their Divine gifts and efforts to earn which peacefully creates a range of just (First World) outcomes or individuals may be unjustly prevented from applying their Divine gifts and efforts to earn which creates turmoil with unjust (Third World) outcomes deceptively called social justice by unjust socialists (creators of high levels of turmoil) and unjust communists (creators of very high levels of turmoil). Those options are moving in opposite directions and can not have true unity.

The Taoist belief of systems’ emergence is expressed as 1 + 1 > 2, which does not quantify the exact value of > 2 for analysis and gives rise to the scientifically disproven beliefs of randomness, chance, chaos, and the biological evolution of a state becoming more complex state etc.35 Evolution is a major tenant of other religions, such as Buddhism36 and Hinduism37 etc.

An abacus can not lie. The values of numbers are immutable, e.g. 1 always is equal to 1 so 1 + 1 will always = 2. If the sum is larger than 2 the components are more than 1 + 1 and not equal to 1 + 1. To say the sum of a system is greater than its parts is a hyperbolic expression of positive bias toward the sum. No matter how much someone likes apple pie, the apple pie is not greater than the apples, sugar, flower, heat etc. that make the pie “system,” any more than a burnt apple pie is any less great than the sum of its parts due to negative bias (1 + 1 < 2). Biological evolution of fixed DNA is not possible any more than autonomous computer evolution of software to a greater state is possible. Ultimately, something from nothing requires a preexistent infinite Creator.

On 21 September, 2021, Adam Finkel, Clinical Professor of Environmental Health Sciences at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, stated in an email that Anthony Cox’s38 belief of the scientific method, including the last testing/replication for proof phase, “can’t be the only game in town.” He elaborated that “consensus” should be the goal. Cox maintained, in his email from 20 September, that those practicing what is now called science is what used to be called authority before Galileo. Ron Law, a risk and policy advisor, followed up in an email on 22 September, that he had attended several FDA, US Food and Drug Administration, approval meetings for both drugs and vaccines. The latest meeting compared random ages for levels of antibodies to other random correlations and, of course, reached an invalid conclusion for Chinese virus (Covid-19) vaccine policies, which they promoted as true. This New Age (combinations of Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism etc. = Satanism) science has left true scientists “shaking their collective heads.” On 20 September, 2021, Fox news revealed a PowerPoint presentation from the US Army justifying Chinese virus (Covid-19) vaccine mandates with a slide, containing a drawing of Satan in the position of authority, that says “How many children were sacrificed to Satan for the vaccine?” along with listing 7 tenets of Satanism taken directly from a Satanist website. Pentagon officials admitted the slide was shown to Army service members but claims it wasn’t approved by leadership.39

Reactance theory is a social psychological theory developed by Jack Brehm in 1966.40 The theory is concerned with how individuals react when they perceive their freedom of choice is restricted. In 1991, research into the realm of communication and message framing by Lillian Southwick Bensley and Rui Wu looked at how college students reacted to differently framed anti-drinking messages. They discovered that strongly worded messages often induced reactance. Eve reacted to God’s boundaries in Eden41 and Pharaoh famously reacted against the Divine choice Moses presented him with during the ten plagues.42

Niccolò Machiavelli recognized the theological system and wrote it’s all very well to appear merciful, faithful, humane, religious, upright, and to be so, but with a mind so disposed (to lying) that should you need to be otherwise from those qualities, you will be able to become the opposite.43 Rational choice theory of religion posits individuals do not simply decide to remain or to become a member of a religious group because they have been socialized into it or because they feel pressure from their friends and relatives. Instead, they actively weigh the costs and the benefits to determine whether a particular religious group is right for them.

The flesh is slavery and hates spiritual freedom.44 In the end, either one and one’s religious beliefs complies with God or complies with Satan by default. Satan rejected God due to pride. This means a finite intellect makes themselves self-wise above the infinite God and His authority.45 They become King instead of God. Either one is a Christian or one is a Satanist, whatever the religious title.

III. Summary of Theological Chess

Section I provided the components of the eternal theological system, S1. Those elements are the boundaries of the system itself. The boundary is a part of the system and separates the system from the environment.46 It is natural that there is interaction between systems. This interaction may be generalized as interactions between objects, S1 and S2, as the framework of subsystems, Si, of a larger system, S. In this case, the true theological system, S1, is expected and observed to have interactions with false theological systems, S2, S3… Assuming that Si < S, i = 1, 2, it may be considered that system S1 has a weak effect on S2, or has a strong effect on S2, or a part or parts of S1 has at least a weak effect on a part or parts of S2.47

The term chess is derived from check meaning to restrain, or to test by examination or comparison. In John Locke’s (1689) An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, he used chess48 to establish his epistemology of empiricism.49 Expert players50 write that the moves of the pieces are like the conclusions of syllogisms. A 2018 British study found that the age group of individuals older than 55 were more capable of playing chess, among many other cognitive things, than millennials.51 In an email exchange with Dallas F. Bell Jr. during September, 2021, Trevor Robbins, a professor of cognitive neuroscience and Director of Research at the Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute at Cambridge University’s Department of Psychology, indicated the demographics for the Master level of chess peaks around 27 years of age.52

In order to make a crude demonstration of the interactions between true and false theological religions and their adherents, section 1 converted its subsets to Western chess pieces.53 The beginning positions are on the following chess board.

Since all things were created by the self-existent Creator and White makes the first move, S1 will be White and its opposition, S2 will be Black. Of the twenty possible opening chess moves54 for White, 1. e455 (Love, the White King’s Pawn), 1. d4 (Justice, the White Queen’s Pawn), 1. Nf3 (Truth, White Knight), and 1. c4 (Discerning Spiritual Evil, White Pawn) are the most popular since they promote rapid development and control of the center. S2 is the de facto Satanist belief in the father of lies56 and may respond with Black’s 1. e5 (the Black King’s Pawn = < Love such as Apathy or Malice or Hate) to White’s e4.57

The innate human security programming of identifying integrity (from Latin integer meaning whole, completeness of honesty) to establish trust can immediately find issues with truth in Chess Master Peter Kurzdorfer’s book, The Tao of Chess. He explains how his religious philosophy of Tao is the way and advocates selflessness as it follows the principles of good in searching for truth and understanding, p. x. Then, he advocates the chess strategy of Aron Nimzovich to “First restrain, next blockade, lastly destroy,” p. 91, the French proverb “You cannot play at chess if you are kind-hearted,” p. 152, and the strategy of Larry Evans “The chess master must have courage, a killer instinct, stamina, and arrogance,” p. 167. Obviously, the prideful practice of Tao includes Machiavellian lying and destruction. His chief (Satanic) strategy is to hatefully “Get the King and it is all over,” p. 26.58

Omniscient omnipotent God lovingly created finite Satan with the knowledge that he would choose pride and hatefully oppose Him. God set his boundaries by placing him in this space and time. In this same space, God then lovingly created man, from Adam and Eve and Luther to each of us today, knowing we would also choose to hatefully oppose Him as Satan modeled. At the appointed time, Christ came to this space, as Jesus, to redeem mankind. As God knew, Satan would murder Him and thus redeem all of repentant mankind by Christ Jesus’ perfect sinless blood sacrifice. God’s eternal redemption gambit was based on His perfect prediction of Satan and man’s choices and is innately recognizable by finite human intellect. That perfect counter-intelligence operation is only recorded by the Bible. This validates the Divine inspiration of biblical Scripture as no other religious text contains such necessary Divine redemptive maneuvers of the infinite Master of chess.

Christ Jesus said in Scriptural Revelation “I am the way, the truth and the life and no person comes to Father God except through Me.”59 The King for White is true salvation60 by Christ Jesus61 the eternal King. The king for Black is the false belief in salvation by one’s own abilities. White’s eternal checkmate of Black is the only possible outcome. White wars against Black principalities and strongholds.62 White’s Prayer and Faith is for hands that war63 and to preach Jesus.64 It is foolish to idolatrously replace the true values of the theological chess pieces with false values. Untruth is antithetical to truth and, by definition, they can not be integral. The eyes of a fool are in the ends of the earth.65

A building means there was a builder and creation means there was a preexistent Creator.66 Good comes from the Creator’s children and evil comes from His enemy, Satan’s children.67 The unreconciled with God are His enemies.68 Sun Tzu’s The Art of War is the military adaptation of the Tao Te Ching. It prizes causing fear in opponent’s imaginations, which leads to fatigue and defeat.69 “Fear is a distorting mirror in which anything can appear as a caricature of itself…What is most absurd suddenly seems the most probable.”70 God has not given His followers the spirit of fear, but of power, love, and a sound mind.71

In an email exchange during September, 2021, with Donald McKim, retired Presbyterian pastor, author, editor, and seminary professor, he suggested to Dallas F. Bell Jr. that Christians (1) “Look for opportunities: On the chessboard—keep looking for the ‘best move,’ and In Christian life—look for what God is leading you toward;” (2) “Develop a plan: On the chessboard—we develop a strategy through our moves, trying to accomplish a goal and find good positions, and In Christian life—we pay attention to God’s Word and try to structure our lives to be in accordance with God’s will;” (3) “Be Adaptable: On the chessboard—we always have to be aware of our opponent’s moves and how they may change the situation at hand on the board, and In the Christian life—when difficulties (or opportunities) arise, we must be open and adaptable to the new situations of our lives and what God desires.”

IV. Conclusion

Chess’s endurance from generation to generation makes it a pliable metaphor for abstract ideas and complex systems innately used by many people to understand the human condition. Interfaith proponents schizophrenically attempt to bridge the relational gap between S1 and S2, S3 … They can never bridge the theological gap, which is the boundary. In chess terms, God’s white, S1, would need to submit all eternal truth, strategies, and moves to Satanic black, S2, violating God’s Being and His Scriptural Revelation. Black’s temporal system eternally disappears on comparison with white’s system from deconstruction—checkmate!

If our Lord God in this life—in das sheisshause—has given us such noble gifts, what will happen in that eternal life, where everything will be perfect and delightful?” Martin Luther72

1 See papers such as https://systematicpoliticalscience.com/diagram.html

https://systematicpoliticalscience.com/philosophiae.html

2 God’s law is to be as the apple of one’s eye (Prov. 7:2).

3 Conradi, Peter J. (2001). Iris Murdoch: A Life. Norton, New York.

Todd, Richard (1984). Iris Murdoch. Methuen, London.

Meyers, Jeffrey (Summer 1990). "Iris Murdoch: The Art of Fiction No. 117". The Paris Review (115): 206–224.

4 Wroe, Ann (31 January 2015). "Of literature and love". The Economist.

Archer, Graeme (23 January 2015). "The secrets of Iris Murdoch and John Bayley's unconventional marriage". The Telegraph.

5 English translation (2010). Shambhala Publications. Boulder, Colorado. The Tao Te Ching is a classic Chinese text written around the 6th century BC by Lao Tzu, a Zhou-dynasty courtier. While its authorship is debated, the text remains a fundamental building block of Taoism and one of the most influential works of its time. Today it’s one of the most-translated works in the world. The work itself is a series of 81 short poetic sections.

6 Yi Lin (2013). Systems Science: Methodological Approaches. Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida, p. 23. Thanks is extended to Yi Lin, professor of mathematics at Pennsylvania State Slippery Rock, for his email exchange with Dallas F. Bell Jr. on August, 2021, regarding this subject.

7 See the numerous papers at https://systematicpoliticalscience.com

8 The Catholic church position on apocrypha books are that they are canonical, even though they have been proven to be dubious. Edgar Goodspeed’s (1959) The Apocrypha, Vintage Books, University of Chicago Press, p. xiv-xvi, xx-xxii etc. Christian philosophy today teaches 1. None of the Apocrypha writers claims to be inspired by God.

The apocryphal books themselves make reference to what we call the silent 400 years, when there was no prophet of God to write inspired materials. The writers of these apocryphal books even stated themselves that they were writing at a time when there was no direct revelation from God. 2. The New Testament Jews never included them in any Jewish collection of Scriptures. Firstly, because the Apocryphal books were written in Greek, and not in the Hebrew of the Old Testament. But secondly, because they didn’t regard these books as divinely inspired. Later, the Jewish historian Josephus expressed this view, which was common at the time of Jesus. 3. The literary style of the Apocrypha is regarded as poor. Scholars regard it as being very different from the style of the Biblical Hebrew Old Testament writings. Experts say that the language is stiff and lacks the originality and beauty associated with the Old Testament books. 4. Unlike the Old Testament, the Apocrypha was never validated or quoted by Christ. He often quoted from the Psalms, the Pentateuch and the Prophets – but never from the Apocrypha. 5. The Apocrypha contains a great variety of errors – historical, geographical, chronological, and moral. These books describe Jeremiah and Baruch as being in Babylon when the Bible says they were in Egypt. They give one man, Tobit, a life span of 158 years, but place him at events 210 years apart. They teach that suicide is a noble and manful act. They teach that magic potions can drive away demons. 6. The Apocrypha promotes doctrines which contradicts the Bible. For example: They teach that prayers of the living can bring salvation for the dead. They say giving to the needy can atone for sin. They claim that humans can reach a stage of sinless perfection. They teach that women are less than men and should be dominated by men.

9 Although Confucians do not have beliefs about the individual salvation or damnation of persons beyond this life, worship of finite dead ancestors is an important part of Confucian faith and practice. A Confucian sees both salvation here and now, i.e. in the sense that one has attained the Confucian goal of actualizing one's innate, Tian-given and Tian-identified, potential. Confucius was not interested in individual salvation or individual rights. He emphasized the collective well-being of society by virtues of courtesy, selflessness, obedience, respect, diligence, communal obligation, working for a common good, social harmony, and empathy.

Z. Huang (2009). Confronting Confucian Understandings of the Christian Doctrine of Salvation. Brill.

10 From a biblical perspective, Shintoism has no system of ethical or moral instruction, no absolute right or wrong, no concept of sin and salvation, and no concern for a life after death. Yet, in a sense, salvation is achieved in Shinto through observance of all tapas (penance) and by avoiding people and objects that might cause impurity or pollution. A person's Kami nature survives death; therefore, fulfillment of duty is paramount to a Shinto being remembered with dignity after his death. Older Shinto ceremonies were dedicated to agriculture and always emphasized ritual purity. Worship took place outdoors at sites deemed to be sacred. https:// www.britannica.com/topic/Shinto

11 Ergun Caner and Emir Caner (2002). Unveiling Islam. Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, Michigan. pp. 142-151, 247 etc.

12 Cohen, Abraham (1995). Everyman’s Talmud: The Major Teachings of the Rabbinic Sages. Schocken Books, New York. pp. 104-110 etc.

13 Metaxas, Eric (2017). Martin Luther: The Man Who Rediscovered God and Changed the World. Penguin Random House, New York. pp. 1-480.

14 In salvation from the gospel of God “the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith…But the righteous shall live by faith.”

15 Metaxas’ book, p. 95.

16 Ibid, pp. 96-97.

17 German for crap or shit. Langenscheidt’s German-English English-German Dictionary (2009 Second Edition), Pocket Books, New York.

18 Metaxas book, pp. 97-98.

19 The text called Acts of Thomas (c. AD 200-220) says he was martyred in Mylapore, India, where he was stabbed with spears. Syrian Christian tradition specifies Thomas was martyred in Mylapore on July 3, 72 AD, noting that he was killed with a spear. An early ecclesiastical calendar entry reads: “3 July, St. Thomas who was pierced with a lance in ‘India’.” Father Vincenzo Maria was one of four Carmelite friars sent to India by the Pope in 1656, when the Dutch were becoming ascendant on the seas, to try to keep Thomas’ Christians loyal to Rome. Vincenzo Maria wrote a memoir of his mission. In it he summarized the travels of Thomas, as recounted by sixteenth and seventeenth-century friars. His account is a convenient summary of the various traditions and legends that had evolved through the centuries. Thomas, he says, began his mission in Syria-Mesopotamia. From there the apostle went east to China, "the States of the Great Mogul," and "the kingdom of Sian." (The city of Sian in northwest China was the ancient capital of the Han dynasty, western Tang capital, and site of a Nestorian stele.) He then revisited his original Middle East converts.

20 Hagar hated Sarah, Ishmael hated Isaac, and Esau hated Jacob/Israel, legalists hatred of the grace of Christians etc. are allegories for fleshly slavery versus spiritual freedom (See the many Bible references).

21 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29270137/

22 Lama, Dalai (2005). The Universe in a Single Atom: The Convergence of Science and Spirituality. Broadway Books, New York. pp. 105-106 etc.

23 Motto in Sanskrit is त्वं ज्ञानमयो विज्ञानमयोऽसि

24 See the T'oung Pao article titled "The One That Pervades the All in Ancient Chinese Political Thought: The Origins of "The Great Unity" Paradigm.”

https://brill.com/view/journals/tpao/86/4/article-p280_2.xml?language=en

25 See the words of Christ Jesus at Matt. 12:25-26, Mark 3:24-25, and Luke 11:17-18.

26 Zweig, Stefan (written in 1941 and published in 1943 after his suicide). The Royal Game (also titled Chess Story and originally titled German Schachnovelle). Penguin Books, London. p. 18.

27 Ibid, pp. 18-20. Shenk, David (2006). The Immortal Game: A History of Chess. Anchor Books, New York. pp. 149-150.

28 Jam. 1:8, 4:8.

29 Matt. 6:24.

30 I Kings 18:21.

31 Josh. 24:15.

32 Rev. 3:16.

33 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heraclitus/

34 Yi Lin’s book pp. 107-114.

35 Ibid, pp. 3, 34, 39, 114-144 etc. Powell, James (1982). The Tao of Symbols. Quill, New York. pp. 196-199 etc.

36 Dalai Lama’s book pp. 98-100 etc.

37 A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1984). Coming Back: The Science of Reincarnation. The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Los Angeles. Pp. 99-100 etc. (Note: the author of this book clearly does not understand/violates the scientific method which must include replication for proof.)

38 https://cox-associates.com

In a 22 September follow up email addressing Cox, Finkel admitted that the EPA, US Environmental Protection Agency, often does speculate and promotes it as science, i.e. proven to be true when it is not.

39 See the coverage at many sites such as https://nationalfile.com https://yournews.com

40 https://brehm.socialpsychology.org/

41 Gen. 2-3.

42 Ex. 5-13.

43 Machiavelli, Niccolò (2006). The Prince (Chapter XVIII, Concerning The Way In Which Princes Should Keep [the Catholic] Faith). Sweetwater Press, USA. pp. 129-134.

44 Gal. 4:21-31.

45 See Confucian pseudo-wise statements in Yi Lin’s book, p. 201 etc.

46 Yi Lin’s book, p. 55.

47 Ibid, p. 51.

48 See Book II (Ideas), Chapter XIII (Complex Ideas of Simple Modes: and First, of the Simple Modes of the Idea of Space), Section 8 (Place relative to particular bodies) and Section 9 (Place relative to a present purpose) etc. http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/locke1690book2.pdf

49 Locke argued that each human mind is informed by experience and senses contrary to Rene Descartes’ rationalism of knowledge coming from reasoning and logic.

50 Such as international champion chess Grandmaster Lev Alburt and former editor of “Chess Life” Larry Parr’s 2003 Secrets of the Russian Chess Masters: Beyond the Basics. ‎ W. W. Norton & Company etc.

51 https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/6071974/over-55s-wire-plugs-change-tyres-millennials/

Generational differences in chess play were noticed in 1973.

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/26/archives/chess-generation-gap-shows-in-play-of-opponents-age-21-and-23.html

52 Regarding neurological demographics of chess players, Kenneth Regan, Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Buffalo, indicated to Dallas F. Bell Jr. in an email exchange during September, 2021, “the lack of such a resource is a subtext of my article "Pandemic Lag" on the blog Gödel's Lost Letter and P=NP.  The International Chess Federation (FIDE) has not either worked out geographical differences in ratings, which were addressed in an article by Svitlana Demchenko on the ChessBase website in June. A comprehensive study linked to the intrinsic quality of chess play (as judged by computers) is being led by Dr. and Grandmaster David Smerdon of the University of Queensland, Australia, but he told me last week that it is not close to releasing a preprint.” Regan’s recommended links are:

Pandemic lag https://rjlipton.wpcomstaging.com/2021/07/30/pandemic-lag/

Rating variation: https://en.chessbase.com/post/why-do-some-countries-always-gain-and-other-always-lose-rating-points Smerdon: https://www.davidsmerdon.com/ https://researchers.uq.edu.au/researcher/19409

53 On many levels, Western chess is distinguished from xiangqi (Chinese chess or elephant chess) and other chess categories.

54 The Oxford Companion to Chess lists 1,327 opening combinations of moves.

55 See world champion Robert Fischer’s quote “1. e4 is best by test” in Kurzdorfer, Peter (2004). The Tao of Chess: 200 Principles to Transform Your Game and Your Life. Adams Media, Avon, Massachusetts. p. 19. For Fischer’s strategies see his book Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess (1972). Bantam Books, New York.

56 John 8:44.

57 For an explanation of opening moves see: Shenk, David (2006). The Immortal Game: A History of Chess. Anchor Books, New York. p. 25. En passant (French: [ɑ̃ paˈsɑ̃], lit. in passing) is a move in chess. It is a special pawn capture that can only occur immediately after a pawn makes a move of two squares from its starting square, and it could have been captured by an enemy pawn had it advanced only one square. This possibility for Pawns is a strategy as is their promotion (to Queen or another strategic choice) when reaching the last row of the opposing side.

58 See endnote 55. Fisher’s book correctly indicates the chess endgame is to seize the king, p. 20.

59 John 14:6.

60 John 3:16.

61 John 1:1-18.

62 II Cor. 10: 3-4; Eph. 6:12.

63 Ps. 144:1.

64 Acts 5:42.

65 Prov. 17:24.

66 Heb. 3:4.

67 Matt. 13:39.

68 Rom. 5:10.

69 Tzu, Sun (1991). The Art of War. Shambhala Publications, Boston, Mass. pp. 57-58 etc.

70 Zweig, Stefan (2008). The Post-Office Girl (also titled The Intoxication of Transformation from the original German title Rausch der Verwandlung). New York Review, New York. pp. 116-117.

71 II Tim. 1:7.

72 Metaxas’ book p. 93. (German in das sheisshause literally means in the shithouse.)

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